On 4th November 2020, conflict erupted in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region between the federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), leading to one of Africa’s most devastating humanitarian crises in recent years. In spite of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), civilians bore the brunt of the violence—massacres, sexual violence,...

Marriage is a social contract and institution recognized by law and is a manner in which the smallest unit of the society the family starts in most cases. What is allowed at the smallest unit of society is not only a reflection of a society but is also pervasive in...

The duty and business of the courts can be primarily summed up to involve, the administration of justice. The great philosopher, Plato in his wisdom, echoed these words that will form a fulcrum of this discourse, and they are: “The worst form of justice is pretended justice.” In order to...

Since the independence of Nigeria in 1960, the political atmosphere has encountered a mixture of turbulent civil and military unrest, which has shaped the result of her constitutions. The last of them, the 1999 constitution, which is often ascribed as the second democratic constitution, is trailed with controversy following the...

The criminal standard of proof in Nigeria “beyond reasonable doubt” is often upheld as a cornerstone of justice, serving to protect the presumption of innocence and prevent wrongful convictions. However, this paper contends that while the standard appears singular and well-established in principle, its application reveals a multiplicity of interpretations...

The Ugandan Ministry of Education and Sports in its new draft policy on universal Primary Education (UPE) and Universal Secondary Education (USE) under the National Planning Authority (NPA) which issues papers on Uganda’s education reforms, has proposed to transfer the responsibility of collecting school fees in public and government-aided schools...