This article examines the legal architecture of the prohibition on the use of force under the UN Charter and evaluates whether Israel’s strike on Iran can be justified within, or as an evolution of, Article 51’s self-defense framework. While the Charter system traditionally restricts unilateral force to narrow circumstances involving...

This chapter examines the scope of copyright protection for architectural works, with particular emphasis on the legal challenges surrounding the definition of a “building” and the protection of non-habitable structures. It explores the historical development of copyright protection for architectural works and highlights the uncertainties that arise when distinguishing protected...

This chapter examines the legal and institutional framework for promoting gender equity and equality in Zambia, with particular attention to the protection of women, including female journalists, from discrimination in the workplace and society. It traces the historical development of gender equality from early international movements for women’s rights to...

Architects and engineers depend on copyright law to protect their original works. The objective of this study is to explore how effective the Zambian copyright law regime is with regard to the protection of the rights and interests of creators of architectural works against copyright infringement. This study goes on...

This study examines the challenges faced by female journalists in media workplaces in Zambia. Despite the increasing participation of women in journalism, many continue to experience gender-based discrimination that limits their professional growth and equal participation in the media industry. The research highlights key challenges such as financial inequality, limitedaccess...

The framework of medical negligence claims in Zambia remains heavily influenced by inherited common law doctrines, placing a demanding burden on plaintiffs to prove duty of care, breach, causation, and damage on a balance of probabilities. Although this structure seeks to shield healthcare professionals operating within resource-constrained environments, it often...