Ethiopia’s 27-year EPRDF regime was marked by systematic human rights violations. Following the political transition in April 2018 and the devastating northern conflict (2020-2022), a comprehensive transitional justice (TJ) process was launched. This article critically analyzes the ongoing TJ process, focusing on its legal and institutional frameworks. Employing a qualitative...

Despite constitutional guarantees and international commitments toward gender equality, many rural women in Nigeria remain effectively excluded from meaningful legal protection. Deeply rooted patriarchal structures, discriminatory customs, andsocio-economic inequalities continue to undermine the realization of their fundamental rights. This study examines the persistent barriers that prevent rural women from accessing...

This research examines the enforceability of statutory age limits for marriage in Nigeria, with particular focus on the legal and structural challenges undermining effective implementation. It analyses relevant constitutional and statutory provisions, includingthe Child Rights Act, the Marriage Act and the Matrimonial Causes Act, highlighting areas of ambiguity and inconsistency....

Shipping constitutes the backbone of global commerce, facilitating the movement of approximately 90% of the world’s goods, yet it remains a significant contributor to marine pollution through oil spills, ballast water discharge, and harmful emissions. This paper examines the role of technological innovations such as emission control systems, oil spill...

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a crucial tool for balancing urban growth with environmental protection in Zambia. This article assesses the effectiveness of EIA within urban planning processes, with particular focus on the Environmental Management Act No. 12 of 2011 and the Urban and Regional Planning Act No. 3...

The world is longing for sustainable development, a development that meets the needs of the present without frustrating future generations in meeting their own needs. This led the United Nations Organisation to adopt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. There is no oubt that intellectual property and its protection play...