As churches play a pivotal role in shaping societal values and norms, the question of their fiscal contribution to the nation’s development becomes crucial. The immunity granted to religious institutions has been open to questioning due to the present business orientations in churches featuring an unorthodox model of accumulating wealth. A painstaking look at the growing commercial activities and financial investments of churches, suggests that taxing these institutions aligns with the principles of fiscal equity and social responsibility.
THE STATE’S RIGHT TO DEFEND ITS TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY AGAINST INCURSIONS BY NON-STATE ACTORS
History is replete with unprecedented waves of incursions by non-state actors into sovereign state and in the spirit of self-preservation and self-defence these aggrieved states have mounted peremptory campaigns into other neighbouring and distant states to rid the errant non-state actors of the capacity to carry out future attacks against them and to restore the reality of national security within their territorial boundaries. This article seeks to analyse the extent of a states right to defend itself against non-state actor and in the course of this analysis issues like the threshold to justify the sovereign state offensive action and the necessity for self-defence will emerge. These issues will be analysed in line with the principles of international customary law, conventional law, opinion juris and recent state practices.
ADDRESSING LEGAL ISSUES IN THE USAGE OF BIOMETRIC DATA IN NIGERIA:A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF THE BIOMETRIC INFORMATION PROTECTION ACT OF THE UNITED STATES
Biometric data is frequently used to uniquely identify an individual. However, recent studies show that biometric data acquired for identification purposes when processed reveals sensitive information about data subjects rendering them vulnerable and infringing on their privacy rights. It is therefore argued that data protection framework in Nigeria is blatantly insufficient to effectively protect the vulnerabilities brought on data subjects by reason of the processing of their data. The perspective is founded on a careful examination of Nigeria’s current legal framework vis- a-vis the privacy, security, human rights, ethics and socio-cultural implications associated with the processing of biometric data of data subjects. Through deliberate comparison with Biometric Information Act of the United States, this paper identifies challenges which impedes the protection of biometric data and proffers solutions.
THE POWER OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS: LIMITATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
The establishment and functioning of international tribunals have been crucial in addressinggrave violations of international humanitarian law and promoting accountability for war crimes,genocide, and crimes against humanity. These tribunals play a significant role in ensuring that perpetrators of these crimes are held accountable, and justice is served. Two prominent cases thathave garnered international attention and raised questions about the power and effectiveness ofinternational tribunals are the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Israel-Palestine conflict. Therefore,this article examines the impact of the International Criminal Court (ICC) building efforts in post-conflict rule of law-based societies, with emphasis on the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Israel-Palestine conflict.
THE MISCONCEPTION OF NIGERIANS WITH REGARDS TO STATUTORY MARRIAGE:EXISTENCE AND VALIDITY OF CHURCH,COURT AND CUSTOMARY MARRIAGES
The rate at which Nigerians blindly celebrate their marriages in churches, aftercelebrating the same marriage at the marriage registry has become quite alarming.One cannot but wonder their reason for this, and it has been established that, couplesintend to be married under the law, so that they may enjoy such benefit that comeswith being married under the law, and because of the notion that marriage celebratedunder the law is superior to all other kind of marriages, nevertheless, they want theirmarriage to be solemnized by a minister of God, but little do they know theimplications of their actions, to crown it all, marriage need not to be celebrated in theregistry before one can be said to be married under the law, and this is one of the focusof this paper. Also, although there seems to be no problem with parties, who havingsolemnized their marriage under customary law, go ahead to solemnized suchmarriage under the law, so long, the provisions of The Marriage Act is duly followed,but with regards, to the belief that celebration of marriage with another person underthe law, while being married under native law and customs to another person, willrender the marriage contracted under law superior to the one contracted under nativelaw and custom, is very wrong, for as shall soon be seen, it is impossible to enter intoa marriage contract under the law with another person, while being married undercustomary law, to another person.
WHY CHAPTER II OF THE 1999CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA IS A GREEK GIFT.
Chapter II of the Nigerian constitution contains provisions which are very importantto both human and economic development. The Provisions of chapter II is technicallycalled Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy, it isspecifically and specially dedicated to socio-economic rights geared towards providinga mission which must be vigorously pursued by the Nigerian Government. The writerbelieves the draftsmen in 1978 saw the need to direct government’s action by makinga constitutional provision for it, hence chapter II. The birth of chapter II is the bestthing that would happen to Nigerians, this is so because the chapter is citizen centeredand economic favoured. It is an undeniable fact that if the provisions chapter II ofthe Constitution are jealously uphold and genuinely implemented Nigeria wouldhave be been devoid of the various forms of criminality which threatens our corporateexistence and future if not completely. However this article posits to explain the illsaccompanying chapter II of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria(as amended) 2011. In this light, the writer tends to x-ray critically why chapter ofthe Nigerian constitution is a Greek gift.
